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Subject 예술,체육, 인문사회과학 Source PMC OpenAccess URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7581951/view Article Title The Future is Now: Archaeology and the Eradication of Anti-BlacknessAuthors Maria Franklin; Justin P. Dunnavant; Ayana Omilade Flewellen; Alicia OdewaleAbstract Building a new anti-racist archaeology will require an unprecedented level of structural changes in the practices, demographics, and power relations of archaeology. This article considers why this iteration of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) Movement is proving to be unique in terms of its potential to transform the field. We discuss how anti-racist archaeologists arrived at this juncture prepared to meet the challenges now before us, and how members of the Society of Black Archaeologists are collaborating with others to enact change. We acknowledge the significant social justice efforts of others and suggest how archaeologists can get involved to keep this critical momentum going.Is Part Of International Journal of Historical Archaeology 2020-10-23 , 1-14 Identifier ISSN: 1573-7748, 1092-7697 DOI 10.1007/s10761-020-00577-1Publisher Springer USCategory Race; anti-racist archaeology; Black Lives Matter; social justiceLicense This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. -
PMC OpenAccess
Subject 예술,체육 Source PMC OpenAccess URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8139358/view Article Title Effects of including endurance and speed sessions within small-sided soccer games periodization on physical fitnessAuthors Daniel Castillo; Javier Raya-González; Hugo Sarmento; Filipe Manuel Clemente; Javier YanciAbstract The main aim of this study was to analyse the effects of including additional speed and endurance sessions during small-sided games (SSG) training periodization on physical fitness in professional soccer players. Sixteen outfield players (age = 25.6 ± 7.6 years) who competed in the First Division of a European League participated in this study. Players were randomly assigned to perform only the SSG periodization (G-SSG group) or to add endurance and speed training contents to the SSG (ES-SSG group). Before and after the 6-week experimental period, a Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (YYIR1) and a 40 m sprinting test were performed. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was also measured after each training session. The G-SSG group showed a large improvement in the YYIR1 performance (p = 0.018–0.028; ES = 0.521–0.576) after the training programme, whereas no significant changes were observed for the ES-SSG group (p = 0.763–1.000; ES = 0.000–0.014). In addition, no significant differences (p > 0.05, ES = 0.005–361, trivial to small) in sprint performance at 5 and 10 m intervals up to 40 m were observed at post-training in comparison to pre-training evaluation in G-SSG and ES-SSG groups. No significant differences (p > 0.05) between groups were observed at baseline in the YYIR1 test. The 6-week SSG training supported with only six endurance and speed training sessions was no more effective than well-organized SSG alone for improving running endurance in professional soccer players.Is Part Of Biology of Sport 2020-10-22 , Vol.38 (2) , 291-299 Identifier ISSN: 2083-1862, 0860-021X DOI 10.5114/biolsport.2021.99325Publisher Institute of Sport in WarsawCategory Association football; Performance; Drill-based exercises; Conditioned games; FitnessLicense https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
PMC OpenAccess
Subject 예술,체육 Source PMC OpenAccess URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8139349/view Article Title Prediction of muscle fiber composition using multiple repetition testingAuthors Elliott C.R. Hall; Evgeny A. Lysenko; Ekaterina A. Semenova; Oleg V. Borisov; Oleg N. Andryushchenko; Liliya B. Andryushchenko; Tatiana F. Vepkhvadze; Egor M. Lednev; Piotr Zmijewski; Daniil V. Popov; Edward V. Generozov; Ildus I. AhmetovAbstract Direct determination of muscle fiber composition is invasive and expensive, with indirect methods also requiring specialist resources and expertise. Performing resistance exercises at 80% 1RM is suggested as a means of indirectly estimating muscle fiber composition, though this hypothesis has never been validated against a direct method. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the number of completed repetitions at 80% 1RM of back squat exercise and muscle fiber composition. Thirty recreationally active participants’ (10 females, 20 males) 1RM back squat load was determined, before the number of consecutive repetitions at 80% 1RM was recorded. The relationship between the number of repetitions and the percentage of fast-twitch fibers from vastus lateralis was investigated. The number of completed repetitions ranged from 5 to 15 and was independent of sex, age, 1RM, training frequency, training type, training experience, BMI or muscle fiber cross-sectional area. The percentage of fast-twitch muscle fibers was inversely correlated with the number of repetitions completed (r = –0.38, P = 0.039). Participants achieving 5 to 8 repetitions (n = 10) had significantly more fast-twitch muscle fibers (57.5 ± 9.5 vs 44.4 ± 11.9%, P = 0.013) than those achieving 11–15 repetitions (n = 11). The remaining participants achieved 9 or 10 repetitions (n = 9) and on average had equal proportion of fast- and slow-twitch muscle fibers. In conclusion, the number of completed repetitions at 80% of 1RM is moderately correlated with muscle fiber composition.Is Part Of Biology of Sport 2020-10-22 , Vol.38 (2) , 277-283 Identifier ISSN: 2083-1862, 0860-021X DOI 10.5114/biolsport.2021.99705Publisher Institute of Sport in WarsawCategory Fiber type; Strength training; Vastus lateralis; Exercise prescription; EnduranceLicense https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
PMC OpenAccess
Subject 예술,체육 Source PMC OpenAccess URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8139351/view Article Title Effects of 7-day intake of hydrogen-rich water on physical performance of trained and untrained subjectsAuthors Rafael Timón; Guillermo Olcina; Adrian González-Custodio; Marta Camacho-Cardenosa; Alba Camacho-Cardenosa; Ismael Martínez GuardadoAbstract Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) is used as a supplement to improve performance and reduce fatigue in athletes. However, the potentially beneficial effects of HRW intake could be mediated by the training status of athletes. The purpose of the study was to analyse the ergogenic effect of intake of HRW for one week on aerobic and anaerobic performance, both in trained and untrained individuals. Thirty-seven volunteers participated in the study and were divided into two experimental groups: trained cyclists and untrained subjects. A double-blind crossover design was performed in which all subjects took a placebo (PW) and nano-bubble HRW (pH: 7.5; hydrogen concentration: 1.9 ppm; oxidation-reduction potential (ORP): -600 mV). At the end of 7-day intake, performance was assessed by an incremental VO2max test and by a maximum anaerobic test. After HRW intake, only trained cyclists improved their performance in the anaerobic test with an increase in peak power (from 766.2 ± 125.6 to 826.5 ± 143.4 W; d = .51) and mean power (from 350.0 ± 53.5 to 380.2 ± 71.3 W; d = .51), and a decrease in the fatigue index (from 77.6 ± 5.8 to 75.1 ± 5.9%; d = .45). The findings demonstrate that the ergogenic effect of HRW is mediated by the training status, and that 7-day intake of HRW would be an effective strategy for improving anaerobic performance in trained cyclists.Is Part Of Biology of Sport 2020-10-22 , Vol.38 (2) , 269-275 Identifier ISSN: 2083-1862, 0860-021X DOI 10.5114/biolsport.2020.98625Publisher Institute of Sport in WarsawCategory Hydrogen-rich water; Performance; Cycling Fatigue; Peak powerLicense https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
PMC OpenAccess
Subject 예술,체육 Source PMC OpenAccess URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8139357/view Article Title Reverse lactate threshold test accurately predicts maximal lactate steady state and 5 km performance in runningAuthors Patrick Wahl; Christian Manunzio; Lukas Zwingmann; Stefan van de Weyer; Wilhelm BlochAbstract This study evaluated the accuracy of the reverse lactate threshold (RLT) and the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA; 4 mmol·L-1) to determine the running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and 5 km running performance in a field test approach. Study 1: 16 participants performed an RLT test, and 2 or more constant-speed tests, lasting 30 minutes each, to determine running speed at the MLSS. Study 2: 23 participants performed an RLT test and a 5000 m all-out run as an indicator of performance. The RLT test consisted of an initial lactate-priming segment, in which running speed was increased stepwise up to ~5% above the estimated MLSS, followed by a reverse segment in which speed was decreased by 0.1 m·s-1 every 180 s. RLT was determined using the highest lactate equivalent ([La-]/running speed) during the reverse segment. OBLA was determined during the priming segment and was set at a value of 4 mmol∙L1. The mean difference in MLSS was +0.06 ± 0.05 m·s-1 for RLT, and +0.13 ± 0.23 m·s-1 for OBLA. OBLA showed a good concordance with the MLSS (ICC = 0.83), whereas RLT revealed excellent concordance with the MLSS with an ICC = 0.98. RLT showed a very high correlation with 5000 m speed (r = 0.97). The RLT exhibited exceptional agreement to MLSS and 5000 m running performance. Due to this high accuracy, especially concerning the small intraindividual differences, the RLT test may be superior to common threshold concepts. Further research is needed to evaluate its sensitivity during the training process.Is Part Of Biology of Sport 2020-10-22 , Vol.38 (2) , 285-290 Identifier ISSN: 2083-1862, 0860-021X DOI 10.5114/biolsport.2021.99326Publisher Institute of Sport in WarsawCategory Endurance performance; Blood lactate concentration; Field test; Anaerobic threshold; Performance diagnostics OBLALicense https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
PMC OpenAccess
Subject 예술,체육, 인문사회과학 Source PMC OpenAccess URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7575857/view Article Title Archaeological Examination of Japanese Photographs and Archival Data from the Pre-WWII Okinawan Diaspora: Tinian, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana IslandsAuthors Boyd Dixon; Alexandra Garrigue; Robert JonesAbstract This study looks at archival records and photographs from the pre-WWII Japanese occupation of the Micronesian island of Tinian to discuss the archaeological remnants of the Okinawan diaspora from the 1920s to 1940s in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) today.Is Part Of International Journal of Historical Archaeology 2020-10-21 , 1-23 Identifier ISSN: 1573-7748, 1092-7697 DOI 10.1007/s10761-020-00565-5Publisher Springer USCategory Pre-WWII; Okinawa; Diaspora; TinianLicense This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. -
PMC OpenAccess
Subject 예술,체육, 인문사회과학 Source PMC OpenAccess URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7548409/view Article Title A History of Japanese Diaspora ArchaeologyAuthors Douglas E. RossAbstract Japanese diaspora archaeology originated in the late 1960s but reports and publications did not appear until the 1980s. Early studies often included Japanese artifacts or sites within larger surveys, but by the 1990s and 2000s were the focus of targeted research. Most research has been undertaken in western North American and the Pacific Islands. Pre-War farms and work camps and World War II battlefields and incarceration centers emerged as primary topics of study, with the incarceration centers dominating the literature today. Research themes are diverse but emphasize material consumption, concepts of place, and patterns of cultural persistence and change.Is Part Of International Journal of Historical Archaeology 2020-10-12 , 1-33 Identifier ISSN: 1573-7748, 1092-7697 DOI 10.1007/s10761-020-00566-4Publisher Springer USCategory Japanese diaspora; History of archaeology; Method and theoryLicense This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. -
PMC OpenAccess
Subject 예술,체육, 인문사회과학 Source PMC OpenAccess URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7545021/view Article Title Beloved Things: Interpreting Curated Pottery in Diasporic ContextsAuthors Shannon Cowell; Kelly JenksAbstract Historical archaeologists often view curated or heirloom pottery as a frustrating anomaly in the dating of historical-period sites or contexts. Fewer pause to consider why the artifacts were curated in the first place, or what their presence reveals about the people who maintained them. Drawing on a case study of curated micaceous pottery at a Hispanic diaspora site in east-central New Mexico, this article argues that investigation of heirloom pottery can offer insights into the functional, familial, and cultural significance of these beloved things.Is Part Of International Journal of Historical Archaeology 2020-10-09 , 1-21 Identifier ISSN: 1573-7748, 1092-7697 DOI 10.1007/s10761-020-00560-wPublisher Springer USCategory Curation; Diaspora; Identity; Ceramics; New MexicoLicense This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. -
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Subject 예술,체육 Source PMC OpenAccess URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7538261/view Article Title Molecular phylogenetic and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry identification of isolates from horses identified as Enterobacter cloacae by biochemical identificationAuthors Eri UCHIDA-FUJII; Hidekazu NIWA; Yuta KINOSHITA; Yoshinari KATAYAMA; Toshio NUKADAAbstract ABSTRACT Enterobacter cloacae is an opportunistic pathogen of horses. Thirty isolates obtained from horses and their environments and identified as Enterobacter cloacae by biochemical methods were reidentified by taxonomic identification based on multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and by a commercial identification system based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). MLSA identified the 30 equine isolates as E. ludwigii (9/30), E. asburiae (1/30), or E. cloacae (1/30); 19 isolates were not identified. The MALDI-TOF MS system could not clearly distinguish isolates to the species level, and the limited numbers of reference spectra for Enterobacter species might have contributed to the poor identification.Is Part Of Journal of Equine Science 2020-10-05 , Vol.31 (3) , 49-55 Identifier ISSN: 1347-7501, 1340-3516 DOI 10.1294/jes.31.49Publisher The Japanese Society of Equine ScienceCategory Enterobacter species; horse; matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS); multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA)License This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) -
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Subject 예술,체육 Source PMC OpenAccess URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7538260/view Article Title Subcutaneous neurofibroma as a cause of lameness in a warmblood horse: Neurofibroma in a horseAuthors Riccardo RINNOVATI; Socrate XENOS; Andrea BELTRAME; Andrea MARIGO; Giulia FORNI; Maria MORINIAbstract ABSTRACT A neurofibroma was excised from the subcutis on the medial side of the left thigh of a 15-year-old Warmblood gelding, which had shown lameness of the left hind limb. No other source of lameness was found. Two weeks after surgery, the horse was sound at a lameness examination.Is Part Of Journal of Equine Science 2020-10-05 , Vol.31 (3) , 45-48 Identifier ISSN: 1347-7501, 1340-3516 DOI 10.1294/jes.31.45Publisher The Japanese Society of Equine ScienceCategory horse; lameness; neurofibroma; peripheral nerve sheath tumorLicense This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)