{p=For Slovak, all the fundamental NLP building blocks for basic applications exist, but they are often of lesser quality and lower accuracy than those of other languages. The availability of free and open tools and data is rather low, with most of the resources proprietary. Compared to neighbouring languages of similar levels of NLP development (Czech, Polish, Hungarian), Slovak is positioned toward the lower end of this group. Slovak language support by “big players” in the LT industry is comparable to other European languages with similar size; speech recognition and synthesis work acceptably while machine translation between Slovak and English is almost good enough to be used by professionals as a source for post-editing. Spell checkers, LT-assisted mobile phone input, OCR and lemmatised fulltext search are taken for granted, although their quality is significantly lacking compared to bigger European languages., h1=Abstract}

{p=[Aperiodic crystals are ordered matter without three-dimensional (3D) translational symmetry. They encompass quasicrystals, incommensurate composite crystals and incommensurately modulated structures. Their crystal structures are described by the so-called superspace theory, in which hidden periodicity is uncovered as translational symmetry in a space of dimensions higher than three. Here, I give an introduction to the structural features of aperiodic crystals and to the superspace theory for describing those structures. Applications, in particular t -plots, are demonstrated for the charge-density wave (CDW) materials Er $$_2$$ 2 Ir $$_3$$ 3 Si $$_5$$ 5 and EuAl $$_4$$ 4 ., Graphical abstract, ], h1=Abstract}

{p=We introduce tools from discrete convexity theory and polyhedral geometry into the theory of West’s stack-sorting map  s . Associated to each permutation $$\pi $$ π is a particular set $$\mathcal V(\pi )$$ V ( π ) of integer compositions that appears in a formula for the fertility of  $$\pi $$ π , which is defined to be $$|s^{-1}(\pi )|$$ | s - 1 ( π ) | . These compositions also feature prominently in more general formulas involving families of colored binary plane trees called troupes and in a formula that converts from free to classical cumulants in noncommutative probability theory. We show that $$\mathcal V(\pi )$$ V ( π ) is a transversal discrete polymatroid when it is nonempty. We define the fertilitope of $$\pi $$ π to be the convex hull of $$\mathcal V(\pi )$$ V ( π ) , and we prove a surprisingly simple characterization of fertilitopes as nestohedra arising from full binary plane trees. Using known facts about nestohedra, we provide a procedure for describing the structure of the fertilitope of $$\pi $$ π directly from $$\pi $$ π using Bousquet-Mélou’s notion of the canonical tree of  $$\pi $$ π . As a byproduct, we obtain a new combinatorial cumulant conversion formula in terms of generalizations of canonical trees that we call quasicanonical trees . We also apply our results on fertilitopes to study combinatorial properties of the stack-sorting map. In particular, we show that the set of fertility numbers has density 1, and we determine all infertility numbers of size at most 126. Finally, we reformulate the conjecture that $$\sum _{\sigma \in s^{-1}(\pi )}x^{\textrm{des}(\sigma )+1}$$ ∑ σ ∈ s - 1 ( π ) x des ( σ ) + 1 is always real-rooted in terms of nestohedra, and we propose natural ways in which this new version of the conjecture could be extended., h1=Abstract}

{p=Overgrowth of long bones was noted in pediatric patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Hyperaemia during creating a metaphyseal hole and the microinstability made by the drill hole may induce overgrowth. This study aimed to determine whether metaphyseal hole creation accelerates growth and increases bone length and compare the effects of growth stimulation between metaphyseal hole creation and periosteal resection. We selected 7- to 8-week-old male New Zealand white rabbits. Periosteal resection (N = 7) and metaphyseal hole creation (N = 7) were performed on the tibiae of skeletally immature rabbits. Seven additional sham controls were included as age-matched controls. In the metaphyseal hole group, the hole was made using a Steinman pin at the same level of periosteal resection, and the cancellous bone beneath the physis was removed by curettage. The vacant space in the metaphysis below the physis was filled with bone wax. Tibiae were collected 6 weeks after surgery. The operated tibia was longer in the metaphyseal hole group (10.43 ± 0.29 cm vs. 10.65 ± 0.35 cm, P  = 0.002). Overgrowth was higher in the metaphyseal hole group (3.17 ± 1.16 mm) than in the sham group (− 0.17 ± 0.39 mm, P  < 0.001). The overgrowth in the metaphyseal hole group was comparable to that in the periosteal resection group (2.23 ± 1.52 mm, P  = 0.287). In rabbits, metaphyseal hole creation and interposition with bone wax can stimulate long bone overgrowth, and the amount of overgrowth is similar to that seen in periosteal resection., h1=Abstract}

{p=[Background, As with fibromyalgia, several musculoskeletal disorders are characterized by chronic pain, raising a clinical question – do the instruments used to assess fibromyalgia symptoms according to ACR criteria (ACR criteria) generate similar scores in other chronic musculoskeletal pain?, Objective, To compare the symptoms among fibromyalgia and other chronic musculoskeletal pain. Additionally, we also compared the most researched outcomes in fibromyalgia (i.e., present pain at rest and after movement; fatigue; pain severity and impact; function, global impact, and fibromyalgia symptom)., Methods, A cross-sectional study. Participants over 18 years old were included if they presented report of chronic musculoskeletal pain (≥ 3 months) and after that, they were divided into two groups (fibromyalgia and chronic pain). They answered the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire-Revised (FIQ-R), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for pain and fatigue, WPI, and SSS., Results, A total of 166 participants were included in this study into two independent groups (chronic pain, n = 83; fibromyalgia, n = 83). We observed significant differences (p < 0.05) and large effect sizes (Cohen’s d, ≥ 0.7) in clinical outcomes comparisons between groups (i.e., widespread pain; symptom severity; present pain at rest and after movement; fatigue; pain severity and impact; function, global impact, and fibromyalgia symptoms)., Conclusion, Fibromyalgia patients (2016 ACR criteria) compared to other chronic musculoskeletal pain patients have higher levels of pain (at rest or after movement) and fatigue, greater impairment in both functionality and global impact, and worse symptoms. Therefore, the WPI and SSS instruments should be used exclusively to assess fibromyalgia symptoms.], h1=Abstract}

{p=[Objectives, While established for energy-integrating detector computed tomography (CT), the effect of virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI) and iterative metal artifact reduction (iMAR) in photon-counting detector (PCD) CT lacks thorough investigation. This study evaluates VMI, iMAR, and combinations thereof in PCD-CT of patients with dental implants., Material and methods, In 50 patients (25 women; mean age 62.0 ± 9.9 years), polychromatic 120 kVp imaging (T3D), VMI, T3D_iMAR, and VMI_iMAR were compared. VMIs were reconstructed at 40, 70, 110, 150, and 190 keV. Artifact reduction was assessed by attenuation and noise measurements in the most hyper- and hypodense artifacts, as well as in artifact-impaired soft tissue of the mouth floor. Three readers subjectively evaluated artifact extent and soft tissue interpretability. Furthermore, new artifacts through overcorrection were assessed., Results, iMAR reduced hyper-/hypodense artifacts (T3D 1305.0/−1418.4 versus T3D_iMAR 103.2/−46.9 HU), soft tissue impairment (106.7 versus 39.7 HU), and image noise (16.9 versus 5.2 HU) compared to non-iMAR datasets ( p  ≤ 0.001). VMI_iMAR ≥ 110 keV subjectively enhanced artifact reduction over T3D_iMAR ( p  ≤ 0.023). Without iMAR, VMI displayed no measurable artifact reduction ( p  ≥ 0.186) and facilitated no significant denoising over T3D ( p  ≥ 0.366). However, VMI ≥ 110 keV reduced soft tissue impairment ( p  ≤ 0.009). VMI_iMAR ≥ 110 keV resulted in less overcorrection than T3D_iMAR ( p  ≤ 0.001). Inter-reader reliability was moderate/good for hyperdense (0.707), hypodense (0.802), and soft tissue artifacts (0.804)., Conclusion, While VMI alone holds minimal metal artifact reduction potential, iMAR post-processing enabled substantial reduction of hyperdense and hypodense artifacts. The combination of VMI ≥ 110 keV and iMAR resulted in the least extensive metal artifacts., Clinical relevance, Combining iMAR with VMI represents a potent tool for maxillofacial PCD-CT with dental implants achieving substantial artifact reduction and high image quality., Key Points, • Post-processing of photon-counting CT scans with an iterative metal artifact reduction algorithm substantially reduces hyperdense and hypodense artifacts arising from dental implants. • Virtual monoenergetic images presented only minimal metal artifact reduction potential. • The combination of both provided a considerable benefit in subjective analysis compared to iterative metal artifact reduction alone.], h1=Abstract}

{p=The nucleocapsid protein (N) of SARS-CoV-2 plays a pivotal role during the viral life cycle. It is involved in RNA transcription and accounts for packaging of the large genome into virus particles. N manages the enigmatic balance of bulk RNA-coating versus precise RNA-binding to designated cis-regulatory elements. Numerous studies report the involvement of its disordered segments in non-selective RNA-recognition, but how N organizes the inevitable recognition of specific motifs remains unanswered. We here use NMR spectroscopy to systematically analyze the interactions of N’s N-terminal RNA-binding domain (NTD) with individual cis RNA elements clustering in the SARS-CoV-2 regulatory 5’-genomic end. Supported by broad solution-based biophysical data, we unravel the NTD RNA-binding preferences in the natural genome context. We show that the domain’s flexible regions read the intrinsic signature of preferred RNA elements for selective and stable complex formation within the large pool of available motifs., h1=Abstract}

{p=The main aim of the present work is to investigate the role of the Maxwell stress tensor in the study of active materials. Despite the importance of this tensor in modeling mechatronic devices used in sophisticated applications, its non–symmetry still generates controversies in the literature, probably because classical continuum mechanics assumes a symmetric Cauchy stress, although the sum of Cauchy and Maxwell stresses is non–symmetric. In the framework of generalised continuum mechanics–a more advanced formalism than the classical one–, each material point has an associated microstructure so that the micro–rotations of the electric/magnetic dipoles present in real active materials may be simulated. To this end, a modified total stress formulation, including an angular momentum balance, is developed and implemented into a finite element research code using a complex–step formulation. It is concluded that generalised mechanics allows for incorporating both symmetric and non–symmetric contributions of the Maxwell tensor. Consequently, the rotations generated by the electromagnetic field may be analysed. The influence of the complete Maxwell tensor in a magnetostrictive actuator is studied by several magneto–mechanical numerical experiments of a Terfenol–D rod encircled by air, and several conclusions are highlighted., h1=Abstract}