| 초록 |
Lunar exploration has rapidly expanded in recent years, led by both national agencies and private sectors. To ensure successful missions, knowledge of trajectory design and operational strategies-developed through lessons learned from past missions-is becoming increasingly essential across all phases of lunar mission. This paper presents a structured survey of lunar mission trajectories based on real-flight operations, covering the full sequence of mission phases, from trans-lunar injection for Earth departure, lunar orbit acquisition, and science orbit operations, to extended mission executions. In contrast to existing studies that focus narrowly on theoretical modeling, individual missions, or limited mission phases, this work provides a phase-by-phase analysis with particular emphasis on lessons learned from actual mission operations and the practical constraints encountered in real-flight experiences. Four primary lunar transfer methods, direct, phasing loop, spiral, and ballistic lunar transfers, are comparatively analyzed in terms of design and operational trade-offs, as well as implementation challenges. Lunar orbit acquisition strategies are also examined for both orbiters and landers, addressing science orbit maintenance strategies and the resolution of operational challenges for orbiters, and descent approaches such as direct powered descent and staged orbit lowering for landers. Special attention is given to extended mission phases, including both continued operations in lunar orbit and transitions to beyond-lunar mission objectives. This comprehensive survey aims to provide mission designers, operators, and planners with practical insights and strategic references for developing robust, flight-proven trajectory, orbit, and operational solutions for future lunar exploration.
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GISCIENCE & REMOTE SENSING, v.63, no.1, 2026-12