Eco-friendly non-volatile solid additives for high-efficiency sustainable organic photovoltaic cells
Kim, Do Hui
;
Lee, Heunjeong
;
Lee, Dongchan
;
Yeop, Jiwoo
;
Kim, Jin Young
;
Cho, Shinuk
초록
As organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have become increasingly commercially viable in recent years, with power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 20%, the importance of environmental sustainability has also grown significantly. While most eco-friendly OPV developments have focused on replacing solvents in the photoactive layer with benign alternatives, reliance on harmful additives for morphology modulation remains a major obstacle to achieving fully sustainable OPVs. This study presents the first example of a fully eco-friendly OPV, achieved by incorporating novel, non-volatile, eco-friendly solid additives, specifically, 4,4 '-dihydroxybiphenyl (DBP), 4,4 '-dimethylbiphenyl (DMBP), and 2,2 '-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (DM), in combination with the eco-friendly solvent o-xylene. Among them, DBP demonstrates the highest performance and long-term stability due to its superior miscibility and higher boiling point, achieving a PCE of 17.78%. Enhanced crystallinity and optimal phase separation morphology within the photoactive layer by DBP contribute to improvements in charge transfer, mobility, and device stability. This development marks a significant step toward the commercialization of sustainable OPVs, meeting the dual objectives of high efficiency and environmental compatibility.
Cross-Linking-Integrated Sequential Deposition: A Method for Efficient and Reproducible Bulk Heterojunctions in Organic Solar Cells
Kim, Hyunkyoung
;
Heo, Yuchan
;
Na, Yeji
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Shafian, Shafidah
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Kim, BongSoo
;
Kim, Kyungkon
초록
The formation of bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) through sequential deposition (SqD) of polymer donor and nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) solutions offers advantages over the widely used single-step deposition of polymer:NFA blend solutions (BSD). To enhance the application of SqD in organic solar cell production, it is crucial to improve reproducibility and stability while maintaining a high efficiency. This study introduces a novel method termed cross-linking-integrated sequential deposition (XSqD) for fabricating efficient and reproducible BHJs. In this method, polymers are cross-linked using efficient 2Bx-4EO or 2Bx-8EO cross-linkers, which enhance the solvent resistance of the polymer donor layer against the solvents used for NFAs. This approach addresses the challenge of selecting a suitable solvent for NFAs, a major obstacle in SqD-processed OSCs. The utilization of 2Bx-4EO in XSqD leads to a significant increase in reproducibility compared to that of conventional SqD, coupled with a high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.1%. Furthermore, XSqD devices exhibit superior stability, showing only 1% and 6% reductions in their initial PCE after thermal stress at 80 and 120 degrees C for 50 h, respectively.
Low-Temperature Processed Efficient and Reproducible Blade-Coating Organic Photovoltaic Devices with γ-Position Branched Inner Side Chains-Containing Nonfullerene Acceptor
Won, D
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Kang, S
;
Park, J
;
Park, J
;
Kim, W
;
Mai, TLH
;
Lee, S
;
Yang, Changduk
초록
Recent advancements in blade-coating organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices utilizing eco-friendly nonhalogenated solvents have demonstrated high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) when processed at high substrate temperatures. However, this method poses challenges in device reproducibility and stability. Herein, a BTP-eC9-γ nonfullerene acceptor (analogous to BTP-eC9) with γ-position-branched inner side chains within the BTP-eC9-based structural motif is developed. This pin-sized extension in the branching position enhances the solubility of BTP-eC9-γ in nonhalogenated toluene solvent. This improvement not only mitigates excessive aggregation in the film state but also facilitates device fabrication at lower substrate temperatures. Optimized at a substrate temperature of 40 °C, the BTP-eC9-γ-based blade-coating devices with toluene achieve remarkable PCEs of 16.43% (0.04 cm2) and 14.95% (1.0 cm2). Furthermore, these devices retain their high film uniformity at 40 °C, which contributes to superior device reproducibility. This is attributed to the minimized alteration in the evolution kinetics of fluid flow. These findings signify a promising direction for the industrial production of blade-coating OPV devices.
본 발명은 전도성 고분자 화합물, 이를 포함하는 유기태양전지 및 이의 제조방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 따른 신규한 고분자 화합물은 종래의 유기태양전지에 사용된 고분자 화합물 대비 우수한 광학적 특징과 더불어 높은 광전변환효율을 가지며, 할로겐화 용매 및 비할로겐화 용매에 우수한 용해도를 갖는다.
본 발명은 전도성 고분자 화합물, 이를 포함하는 유기태양전지 및 이의 제조방법에 관한 것으로, 더욱 자세하게는 배향성 조절을 통해 대칭적인 구조를 형성함으로써 우수한 광학적 특징과 더불어 높은 광전변환효율을 갖는 고분자 화합물 및 이를 포함하는 유기태양전지에 관한 것이며, 이와 더불어 상기 고분자 화합물의 제조방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 따른 신규한 고분자 화합물은 쿼터티오펜(quaterthiophene) 및 플루오르로 치환된 벤조티아디아졸(benzothiadiazole)을 대칭적 구조로 형성되어 있어, 기존의 RRa(regiorandom)구조의 고분자 화합물 대비 우수한 광학적 특징과 더불어 높은 광전변환효율을 갖는다. 따라서 본 발명의 고분자 화합물은 유기태양전지 소자의 광활성층의 전자공여체 소재로서 유용하게 사용될 수 있으며, 이와 더불어 유기 광센서(OPD), 유기박막트랜지스터(OTFT), 유기발광다이오드(OLED) 등의 분야에 적용할 수 있는 유기 광전자소자의 재료로 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.
Small Molecule Organic Photovoltaic Modules Fabricated via Halogen-Free System with Roll-to-Roll Compatible Scalable Printing Method
Youn-Jung Heo
;
Yen-Sook Jung
;
Kyeongil Hwang
;
Jueng-Eun Kim
;
DaeHee Lim
;
Yunseul Kim
;
Kim, Dong-Yu
초록
Organic conjugated molecules have a great potential for cost-competitive, large-area and high throughput mass production on mechanically flexible substrate. In particular, small molecule, which is one of the organic conjugated molecules, have several distinct advantages such as well-defined molecular structure, high purity, and less batch-to-batch variation. During recent years, organic solar cells based on the small molecules have accomplished considerable progress, reaching the PCEs over 10%. Now, for further advances in this field, printed or halogen free fabricated small molecule solar cells should be also demonstrated. In this study, blend films of small molecules, benzodithiophene terthiophene rhodanine (BTR) and PC71BM were slot-die coated using a halogen-free solvent system. Moreover, for up-scaling production, we fabricated small molecule solar cells with not only time-consuming solvent vapor annealing (SVA) treatment but also more roll-to-roll compatible solvent additive approaches. The suitability of halogen-free additive method for up-scaling production was analyzed by using UV-vis absorption, EQE, AFM, TEM, SCLC, Light intensity and 2D-GIWAXS measurements. As a result, high efficiencies of 7.46% and 6.56% were achieved from time-consuming solvent vapor annealing (SVA) treatment and roll-to-roll compatible solvent additive approaches, respectively. After successful verification of our roll-to-roll compatible additive method on small-area devices, we finally demonstrated large-area photovoltaic modules composed of 4 stripes with a total active area of 10 cm2, achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.8%.
Vacuum Process Based Dry Transfer of Active Layer for PTB7:PC71BM Organic Photovoltaic Devices
Lee, Jong Hwa
;
Kim, Kang Min
;
Kim, Young Yun
;
Jang, Woongsik
;
Ahn, Sunyong
;
Wang, Dong Whan
;
Park, O. Ok